Technology advances are finding new and important uses for spectrum, but spectrum is becoming increasingly scarce. Does this mean the existing spectrum management framework needs significant reform? The Spectrum Management Framework discussion paper asks that question.
The Spectrum Management Framework
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31 Comments
How to make more spectrum available for broadband services and public safety.
Ans:
Better management of existing spectrum. Entrust all broadband spectrum to the NBN company, and let them allocate access to spectrum (not ownership via a licence). Broadband Spectrum (The Digital Dividend) is a finite and strategic national assert.
Carry out a national study of the % of any/all spectrum assets that are actually in use in any point of time. I.E: Do the operators/Telco’s utilise spectrum efficiently. In any point in time how much (licensed spectrum) is actually in use.
Employ technologies where by spectrum access would be totally dynamic and accessed on a needs/demand driven process/basis.
Employ technologies that will virtually increase the amount of spectrum available. (They do exist and they need development support)
Utilize the ‘White Space”
In the US their NBN build out provides for R&D and innovation monies being made available to develop new delivery & capacity gain technologies. Our NBN and the DBCDE has NO requirement for innovation as part of the build process. Govt and the DBCDE needs to get the blinkers off and support Australian communications innovation. Australian funded innovation could deliver the holy grail of spectrum availability. This does not mean funding off shore multinationals with Aust entities. The Govt has been talking about the smart country and innovation driving the future economy. Well the obvious vehicle for that is the spin off’s in having all spectrum under the NBN’s mandate and a legislated ability to fund communications innovation by the national Aust SME community. You are wasting Australia’s huge and significant opportunity to be the world leader in these fields. You can only dig so many holes!!!!
We have been pushing these aspects to you the Govt for years and NO ONE LISTENS. Its time someone in Government got smart and supported real innovation, not hand outs to Universities, not monies’s to third parry funding VC groups; but direct to the innovators, and Govt also needs to be smart enough to understand that not all funded opportunities will be successful.
You may think all of my comments above have missed the mark for the ‘questions’ well guess what you guys collectively have been missing the Innovation development mark for years. Let the communications SME industry lead, fund industry direct and grow the skill and job base and get bureaucracy out of the way.
We as a nation are close to missing the innovation boat, and if we miss it the hole will never be able to be filled or bridged.
To finish don’t you find it incredible that the best cyber security defence our defence minister had was to leave his laptop and phone etc in Hong Kong!! its a joke, it clearly shows that the Govt does not support industry innovation and skills advancement. I as a citizen was embarrassed and so should the Govt be. It makes Australians look like a bunch of incompetent technology idiots.
Regards with feeling
Peter Moon
Peter, thanks for making the first post on Spectrum Square.
You raise a lot of issues, some of which like cyber security, I won’t touch on (though did you know it’s Cyber Security Awareness week – http://www.staysmartonline.gov.au).
In terms of your other points:
• Looking at spectrum use to see if it is being used efficiently:
This is part of what we are hoping to discuss in connection with the discussion paper “Priority Review of Spectrum Band Use”. We will continue to discuss the issues of efficient band use in future discussion papers that will be released through the Spectrum Square.
• Having spectrum allocated via license rather than ownership:
I expect you’re already across this, but for visitors to this site who are new to spectrum, it is already handled on a licensed basis – http://www.acma.gov.au/WEB/STANDARD/pc=PC_481
• Having spectrum allocated by an NBN-like company rather than the ACMA:
A starting question would be, what would you like to see done differently, and what would the end environment look like?
• New technologies and use of white spaces sounds like a good idea for a future paper – what issues would be good to include?
Regards,
Andrew Maurer
Assistant Secretary
Spectrum, Treaties and Internet Governance branch
Some interesting data in Ericsson’s ‘Traffic and Market Report’ (June 2012), with the key highlights outlined below:
• By the end of 2011, total mobile subscriptions reached around 6 billion and are expected to reach around 9 billion by the end of 2017 (excluding machine-to-machine communication).
• The number of mobile broadband subscriptions reached close to 1 billion, and is predicted to reach 5 billion in 2017.
• Total Smartphone subscriptions reached around 700 million in 2011 and are expected to reach around 3 billion in 2017.
• 40 percent of the world’s Smartphone users access internet and apps even before getting out of bed.
• 47 percent of smart phone users that were sampled, perceive a slow network to be the most common Smartphone internet usage issue.
• Mobile traffic is expected to grow by 15 times by the end of 2017.
The report can be found here – http://www.ericsson.com/traffic-market-report
From this we see growth of mobile connections and mobile networks showing no sign of abating. Although this growth is exciting and provides us with many opportunities, effective spectrum management is crucial to this growth and ensuring access to services and information.
We are interested in hearing your views on this and other issues for spectrum going forward.
Next week we will look at recent statistics highlighting the strong growth in fixed line data that is occurring in parallel with the growth in mobile data.
Regards,
Spectrum Square team
Apologies for the delay in responding to your response to my input, have been working with a few in industry to respond with some ideas and solutions; still about 2 weeks away from compilation of data; will be in touch. As you rightly observe the RF/Wireless access space just keeps getting hotter and hotter.
Regards
PMoon
PS: Their is a solution; it just needs Govt/Department $$ support! and Aust will be in the forefront/the apex of a global solution..
Some forecasts for future data traffic rates were provided in the ‘Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Methodology, 2011–2016 report’ (May 2012). Highlights from this report have been outlined below:
• Annual global Internet protocol (IP) traffic will surpass the zettabyte threshold (1.3 zettabytes) by the end of 2016.
• In 2016, the gigabyte equivalent of all movies ever made will cross global IP networks every 3 minutes.
• It would take over 6 million years to watch the amount of video that will cross global IP networks each month in 2016
• The number of devices connected to IP networks will be nearly three times as high as the global population in 2016.
• IP traffic in Asia Pacific will reach 40.5 exabytes per month by 2016.
The full report can be found here:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-481360.pdf
Below is a link to Wikipedia, where a table of the various measurements for ‘Bytes’ is provided. This is useful in understanding the amount of data that is being discussed in the Cisco Report.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zettabyte
Still working on our further info, have been a bit side tracked. Hope to get that additional info to you by months end.
Peter Moon
Addressing the Welfare standard;
One thing that is coming to mind with the current media release relating to the media releases from the VHA group in regards to the next spectrum auction. As the auction is drawing closer VHA have indicated that they may not participate in the auction due to financial reason and the high price the auction is supposed to generate. The raises further question relating to the 3rd carrier becoming run down to a point where they could fold completely in the longer term. I am aware they have sufficient spectrum to support decent carrier width in the medium and high density area but have little spectrum in there control outside these areas. As such if they don’t acquire any 700MHz spectrum their chances of creating an AU wide system is remote as sufficient spectrum in the sub 1GHz range will be hard to find. This also raises the issue that the other 2 carrier keep growing due to more suitable carriers and increase the rural and remote sites reducing the competitiveness.
As such this could cause an upward pressure on the domestic prises of services as the more expensive telecommunication carriers can outbid the smaller carriers if auctions are carried out in the same manner into the future. As the price of spectrum increases this effectively becomes another tax passes onto consumers. In the medium to long term it would be worth reviewing the current arrangement and start offering spectrum at a set price if need be to offset the duopoly scenario that is currently unfolding.
Garth, thanks for your post on Spectrum Square.
You have raised some interesting issues and we will respond to each one individually.
Why does spectrum cost so much?
Spectrum is a scarce resource and an essential input to the provision of services such as wireless broadband. Because of the increasing demand for these services, the spectrum in certain bands can be expensive.
Where there is high demand for a limited good, in general the fairest way of allocating it is to make it available through the market where it will be purchased by those that value it most. Market mechanisms are likely to be the most effective way of achieving the efficient allocation and use of high demand spectrum.
As a result, when demand for spectrum in a band exceeds supply, the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) will usually allocate the spectrum by auction.
What about competition and the prices paid by consumers?
Although market mechanisms are generally relied upon by the ACMA to allocate spectrum efficiently, you are right to recognise the importance of preserving competition in the interests of consumers. That is why limits on the amount that each bidder can purchase (“competition limits”) have been set for the upcoming auction of the digital dividend (700MHz) and 2.5GHz spectrum. Competition limits are designed to prevent a single participant from buying up a large majority of the spectrum that is being sold. A limit of 2×20 MHz will apply to spectrum in the 700 MHz band and a limit of 2×40 MHz to spectrum in the 2.5 GHz band. No participant will be permitted to purchase more than the limit for each band.
The limits have been set to ensure a level playing field for the three bidders most likely to participate in the auction—Telstra, Optus and Vodafone Hutchison Australia—without precluding a potential new entrant.
If you are interested in reading more about the digital dividend auction competition limits and the considerations around them, then you may be interested in the Regulation Impact Statement that the department prepared on the issue:
http://ris.finance.gov.au/files/2012/02/02-Imposing-competition-limits-on-the-sale-of-spectrum-in-the-Digital-Dividend-700MHz-and-2-5G.pdf
How many parties will take part in the upcoming spectrum auction?
You have raised some questions about the number of participants in the upcoming spectrum auction. Because this is an ongoing commercial process, we cannot comment in detail on this matter. However, participation in the auction is open to any interested party.
If you would like to stay in touch with the latest news regarding the digital dividend auction, the ACMA issues regular e-bulletins on this topic, and you can subscribe by visiting:
http://www.acma.gov.au/WEB/STANDARD/pc=PC_312461
Once again, thanks for taking the time to participate in the Spectrum Square.
Regards,
The Spectrum Square Team
Thank you for your reply .
Those documents that you have reference have created a better competitive market than with no competition limits set. What I was trying to address is if two keep winning the maximum allowable spectrum on offer this will create an unviable business in the long run.
Even if one particular company obtained no spectrum in the upcoming auction it would not be the end but if this continues in following auctions then the third player may no longer be viable.
When analysing the 20MHz paired in the 700MHz block and 40MHz paired in the 2.6GHz block if three bidders are present at the auction this is only guaranteeing 5MHz paired in the 700MHz block and zero in the 2.6GHz block.
No action in needed at present but if trends start emerging some auction might need to take place to maintain the 3 in the existing market. Ofcom (UK) has indicated they may hold spectrum to guarantee survival of a carrier, I do not see why the ACMA cannot hold spectrum for a carrier if conditions warrant the survival of company at a pre-determined price set by the ACMA.
This comments is not in directly in relation to the 700MHz or 2.6GHz auction but is a concern for the longevity of at least a 3 carrier system to service in this country for the medium to long term.
Regards,
The traditional way of managing spectrum, by auctioning blocks and tying its use to specific services and /or international standards creates two unfortunate consequences. Firstly, the auction process results in spectrum being bought and used for the commercially most profitable uses by the most cashed up companies, as opposed to the most important community application and the best intentioned organisations. Of course regulated and community owned allocations of spectrum for emergency services and traditional broadcast services continues to lie at the extreme of public benefit allocations but a middle ground is being missed in the auction model. Secondly, by tying the use of spectrum to specific standards (ie 3G mobile) we eliminate technology start-ups from offering innovative services and solutions in competition with such standards (and closed standards bodies) and even worse, we give a significant power to the vendors and operators to innovate slowly, upgrade slowly, lock out alternatives, sweat installed assets (such as MSCs and CO call control), deploy expensive solutions and generally not act within a competitive technical environment.
I therefore believe that a core element of spectrum management should be to maintain multiple blocks of research spectrum and start-up spectrum, with a national footprint, so that large operators and companies are kept under technical and competitive pressure.
I have significant technical and commercial experience of the impact of technically and commercially encumbered spectrum on important innovations.
Alan
This second comment relates to the stated future demand for mobile spectrum and the resulting ‘panic’ to review and reoptimise existing allocations.
One highly beneficial and thoroughly optimal strategic solutions to this problem is fixed mobile convergence over IP networks in conjunction with adhoc networking. These concepts have not been promoted or taken off commercially because of the technical, regulatory and commercial barriers that exist between fixed networks and mobile networks, the existance of competing standards bodies, operators, vendors, services and a deep desire to control customers and customer traffic.
The basic solution is to offload at the closest fixed access point maximum mobile traffic load to the NBN fibre infrastructure. Most importantly, this means mobile traffic being carried over the home NBN connection and via other public access nodes. The mobile spectrum could then be saved for mobile signalling, handover, fixed offload and mobile to mobile intracell / intercell adhoc connections rather than being consumed by roaming / stationary and in-house users of significant internet bandwidth.
Some standards efforts and technical developments have been made in this area but regulatory and standards action would be required to ‘force’ this migration / off load of traffic onto the NBN. As a side benefit this would also help fund the NBN and would dramatically improve bandwidth availability to users and to mobile operators. We already have smartphones that effectively combine home wifi – mobile access without any role for the mobile company. So much more could be done to enable the NBN to host MVNO instances of each mobile company in a commercially and functionally beneficial way.
Essentially, mobile companies would be mandated to gateway mobile protocols into the NBN infrastructure and home and community NBN gateways equipped with either wifi based or 4G based protocol interfaces (pico / femto-cell) so that short hops can be maximally supported within a fair and commercially sustainable model.
With such an obvious solution before us, it should be an utmost priority of the government to stimulate work in this area, and then focus review and new reallocations of spectrum into new innovative uses of spectrum, improved performance of existing services and maintaining a significant future pool of spectrum in reserve for as yet unknown need.
Alan
Hi Alan,
I agree in principle to the majority of your comments however to mandate traffic to flow through NBNco is not part of the ACMA prime business nor is the system designed to handle this type and level of data traffic.
NBNco is rolling out a PON based network which limits the amount of bandwidth available per each segment, this limit may be in the order of 2.5Gbps or 10Gbps. Let’s say they deploy 3 picocells at full LTE-A specification plus 1 macrocell with the 3 carriers attached. The 3 picocells have the capability of pulling 1Gbps each and the macro potentially can pull 3Gbps per carrier. The maximum potential for this segment now becomes 12Gbps which is above the capabilities of a PON network not to mention the other customers in the segment. The problem will be the macro not the pico or femto.
NBNco is developing a product for mobile carriers to use the NBN equipment at their discretion. It should not be up to the government to force any company or anyone to use the infrastructure.
In relation to competition, USA has multiple carriers and that causes all sought of issues in spectrum management. You don’t want to go any fewer than 3 companies but you don’t want any more than 4. LTE-A run in its full glory requires large amounts of spectrum, if multiple carriers are formed you end up with multiple half-baked networks and none that shine.
Regards,
Hi Garth,
Thanks for your response.
A few points to note. Firstly, the issue is of long term spectrum capacity and not near term. The current NBN specs are very far from the potentially capacity of a fibre based PON (with huge available increases in TDM, WDM and FDM as yet untapped . The current design is for a specific requirement set which does not include cellular offload. With such a requirement (at whatever capacities are deemed suitable) it is clearly useful, possible and I believe essential that such an offload occurs.
The solution can also tap into the non-PON NBN fibre based capacity that will follow, for the macro-cells so this proposition is not as problematic as you suggest even in the near term. A gedanken scenario helps here. Assume that we have todays PON, and I add a pico to offload my traffic and some small fraction of the local mobile sources. Well the offload of my traffic is the same as I offload today via wifi without cellular assistance. Each mobile has a home pico and when not at home, its PON capacity is available to said local small fraction. Statistical multiplexing and poisson arrival stats give you plenty of head room above that, even without considering the macro overlay. In the dense traffic areas, we have the combination of a deeper overlay plus non-residential picos as is currently done for stadiums and shopping malls. So we are not on dodgy ground here..but yes it needs to be planned and designed properly.
Any such offload is of course going to be positioned on a commercial basis, with each operator free to purchase and use the offload capacity if they so choose. We just have to ensure that we start the planning and remove the multiple barriers I mentioned (including the specific ACMA limit you raise) so that standards and commercial processes move together.
I have a background in optical physics as well as a successful US mobile technology start-up, and believe that the proposition is both possible and somewhat essential. There are however critical technical and regulatory barriers that need to be dealt with…as well as bringing some doubters along
Alan
Alan and Garth
Thanks for your posts. You may be interested in Cisco’s predictions for traffic offloading set out in its February 2012 Visual Networking Index:
• Globally, 33 % (72 petabytes) of handset and tablet traffic was offloaded onto fixed networks through dual-mode or femotocells in 2011, and represented 11% of total mobile data traffic from ALL mobile connected devices.
• Mobile offload is forecasted to grow from 11% (72 petabytes) per month in 2011 to 22% (3.1 exabytes) per month by 2016.
You can access the Cisco report here:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html
In its May 2011 paper ‘Towards 2020—Future spectrum requirements for mobile broadband’, the ACMA estimated that Australia would need an additional 300 MHz of spectrum for mobile broadband by 2020 in areas of peak demand. By 2020 the total amount of spectrum available for mobile broadband would be 1100 MHz. To get this estimate the ACMA assumed coding efficiencies, additional infrastructure deployment by carriers and offloading of data from mobile networks using small ‘WiFi’ like cells.
You can access the full ACMA report here:
http://www.acma.gov.au/WEB/STANDARD/pc=PC_312514
Thanks for your contribution to the Spectrum Square.
Regards,
The Spectrum Square Team
Thanks for the response and apologies for the delay in responding.. Cisco states;
Trend 5: Traffic Offload from Mobile Networks to Fixed Networks
Much mobile data activity takes place within the user’s home. For users with fixed broadband and Wi-Fi access points at home, or for users served by operator-owned femtocells and picocells, a sizable proportion of traffic generated by mobile and portable devices is offloaded from the mobile network onto the fixed network.
As a percentage of total mobile data traffic from all mobile-connected devices, mobile offload increases from 11 percent (72 petabytes/month) in 2011 to 22 percent (3.1 exabytes/month) in 2016 (Figure 8). Without offload, Global mobile data traffic would grow at a CAGR of 84 percent instead of 78 percent. Offload volume is determined by smartphone penetration, dual-mode share of handsets, percentage of home-based mobile Internet use, and percentage of dual-mode smartphone owners with Wi Fi fixed Internet access at home.
There is a big potential error in these forecasts due to the omission of a key factor, and a failure to consider a very important positive feedback.
In the list of factors, a most important one is the performance/cost difference between cellular and fixed. This is a very important reason users offload traffic. As NBN roles out, the performance/cost of the fixed is going to see a stepchange and will continue to be increasingly favourable, acting as an attactor for traffic. Specifically, it causes users to delay objectives (such as an IPhone app update or a video call) until they are at home. This will cause manual / user requirement driven offload to grow much faster than the Cisco prediction. Further, whilst 4G provides a stepchange in performance/cost, that difference will degrade quickly as cell occupancy rises in those bands and hence performance of sustained apps (high holding time / CBR ) falls away. Plus each new piece of scarcer spectrum will come in necessarily at higher relative rates. So we are on a long term reduction in the relative performance between the two networks at the same time as smartphone capabilities and user requirements are growing as regards video / media / response times and reliability/availability. The positive feedback is then that as we run out of mobile bandwidth (unreliability / unavailability / cost/bit increase) at each generation, the cell access increasingly will not be relied upon and again the fixed offload function becomes increasingly the norm except for low sustained, high burst, short duration, loss tolerant and mission uncritical sessions..
Now, the only way to avoid the spectrum shortfall, especially given these further dynamics, is to not only add smart protocols to preferentially grab traffic onto the fixed access at home (rather than relying on smartphone algorithms or user action) but to also undertake dense and smart roll-out of offload functionality in public and private places over wifi and pico with integrated MVNO infrastructure over the NBN. If there is a fibre drop, use it..but do so in a smart way that avoids IP traffic tromboning around the access points.
Unfortunately, one consequence of the NBN ethernet design with first IP hop deep in the core, as opposed to an IP access design, is that we have no local IP connectivity for rapid IP hand-off between access points and for redirection of in flight packets. The IP hand-off signalling is going to be too slow (latency) to prevent user movement damaging in flight packets so the NBN in its current form can only offload traffic efficiently for static users. One for the next NBN maybe ?
Check out Flarion design on the net (bought by QComm in 2006) and IETF Mobile IP handoff protocol work for the issues re fast handoff signalling and inflight packet redirections. Its why the only practical way to integrate different access types is to present an IP access point and IP level handoff control (which was the whole point of IP in the first place ..IP over everything and everything over IP )
Alan
As regards ACMA reference..
15b/hz is very conservative
150MHz additional spectrum looks a good target..but the realization is that demand is very elastic (mostly internet fluff) and will respond to performance and cost issues by being time-managed onto fixed access.. it is preferable to focus on mission critical inelastic demand that is driven by business apps, real time comms and charged flows.. The fluff will naturally be scheduled around the flows that earn preferential revenues for operators and users..
Shoul also think more about larger aggregated blocks of allocation to improve multiplexing efficiencies and reduce guard band losses
Infrastructure design trade-off only considers the obvious one of cell size v access node costs and interconnect. A deeper issue is the cost of operator access v MVNO on NBN, where issues of loss of network control need to be addressed by better protocols / agreements, and fast handoff requirements between accesses need to considered and factored into NBN architecture (IP connectivity at the edge).
Alan
Some of these issues are dealt with here..
http://www.google.com/patents/US20060030326
Alan, thanks again for your comments. We agree that offloading of traffic is one important way to reduce the load on wireless networks, freeing up spectrum.
In terms of the relative performance between the NBN’s fixed-wireless connection and a traditional mobile network, you may find the following discussion taking place at the NBN Blog interesting: http://www.nbnco.com.au/blog/connected-to-nbn-fixed-wireless-what-its-like.html
You have also mentioned the need to consider the allocation of larger aggregated spectrum blocks to improve multiplexing efficiencies and reduce guard band losses. This is something that the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) has considered in the context of the digital dividend auction. As part of its consultation process, the ACMA sought comments on proposed lot sizes for the 700 MHz and 2.5 GHz band. The ACMA has taken into account the benefits that larger blocks have in terms of increasing the technical efficiency of FDD LTE technology. 3GPP standards identify 20 MHz paired blocks as being optimal for deploying FDD LTE networks. Detailed information about the upcoming digital dividend auction can be accessed at the ACMA’s ‘engage’ website: http://engage.acma.gov.au/digitaldividend/
In relation to spectrum and technological advancements, you may be interested in an upcoming paper to be released on Spectrum Square that will look at new technologies with the potential to enable greater sharing of spectrum (e.g. cognitive radio and ultra-wideband technologies). Sharing technologies and arrangements offer the opportunity to use spectrum more intensively – to do more with what we have – and therefore present another way of addressing the increasing demand for spectrum.
We look forward to any further contributions you may have on these issues.
Regards
The Spectrum Square Team
As 2012 draws to a close, we would like to thank those who have engaged with Spectrum Square this year, whether through reading the discussion papers, making posts or contributing submissions.
The Spectrum Square blog will be closed for comment over the Christmas and New Year period but will be active again from 2 January 2013.
New discussion papers on ‘Spectrum licence tenure and reassignment’ and ‘Spectrum sharing’ are also scheduled to be released through the site early in the New Year.
In the meantime, we wish you a happy Christmas and look forward to your contributions in 2013.
Regards,
The Spectrum Square Team
You may be interested in the recent Australian Mobile Telecommunications Association (AMTA) report on the economic and social impacts of mobile technology, which highlights the changing structure of the mobile industry. According to the report, the mobile industry is changing from what was once a relatively simple supply chain from hardware manufacturers to customers, to an emerging ecosystem of mobile technologies driving economic and social changes. The report finds that the current wave of mobile technologies will result in an estimated productivity benefit to the Australian economy of $11.8 billion for the period 2012-2025. With regard to spectrum, the report found that, “to maximise the benefits of mobility in the digital economy spectrum, policy settings must be reviewed and allow for staged expansion of spectrum resources to mobile broadband.”
You can access the full ATMA report here:
http://www.amta.org.au/files/Mobile.nation.The.economic.and.social.impact.of.mobile.technology.pdf
The results are in following the UK’s digital dividend auction, which auctioned 250 MHz of spectrum in the 800 MHz and 2.6 GHz (in Australia 2.5 GHz) bands. There were five successful bidders which the UK regulator, Ofcom, stated will promote strong competition in the 4G mobile market. A coverage obligation was attached to one of the 800 MHz lots of spectrum. The winner of this lot, Telefónica UK Ltd, is obliged to provide a mobile broadband service for indoor reception to at least 98% of the UK population (expected to cover at least 99% when outdoors) and at least 95% of the population of each of the UK nations – England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales – by the end of 2017 at the latest. Hutchison 3G UK Ltd won the spectrum in the 800 MHz band reserved for a fourth national wholesale provider.
You can access more information on the UK’s digital dividend auction here:
http://consumers.ofcom.org.uk/2013/02/ofcom-announces-winners-of-the-4g-mobile-auction/
Does the UK auction outcomes affect the Australian Auction in any way?
Thanks for the question. Spectrum auction outcomes are heavily influenced by country specific factors such as economic climate, demand and supply factors, level of competition and structure of the mobile market. For this reason, the results of the UK digital dividend auction are unlikely to have a direct bearing on the upcoming digital dividend auction that is being held in Australia. The results of the auctions such as this are interesting none the less as they highlight the differences and similarities of approaches to spectrum allocation between countries, informing debate on these matters. Analysis of international spectrum auctions may also provide lessons that can be used to inform future spectrum allocations.
Here are some other recent international spectrum auction outcomes that you may be interested in:
Czech Republic:
http://www.telecompaper.com/news/czech-republic-cancels-mobile-auction-after-bids-go-too-high–930232
Netherlands:
http://www.agentschaptelecom.nl/binaries/content/assets/agentschaptelecom/Mobiele-communicatie/multibandveiling/frequentieverdeling-na-veiling/press-release-dutch-frequency-auction
Digital dividend auction
The ACMA auctioned spectrum from the 700 MHz and 2.5 GHz bands in a single process, known as the digital dividend auction. The auction commenced on 23 April 2013 and concluded on 7 May 2013.
The digital dividend auction is the single largest spectrum auction held in Australia to date. Three bidders—Optus Mobile, Telstra and TPG Internet—secured spectrum in the auction, resulting in total revenues of nearly $2 billion.
Further information on the auction is available from the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) engage website at http://www.engage.acma.gov.au/digitaldividend
A media release from the Minister for Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy is available at http://www.minister.dbcde.gov.au/media/media_releases/2013/069
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